Wednesday, 3 November 2021

Climate change art

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_art


Climate change art

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Tempestries, an example of climate change art, representing change in temperature in a given location over time

Climate change art is art inspired by climate change and global warming, generally intended to overcome humans' hardwired tendency to value personal experience over data and to disengage from data-based representations[1] by making the data "vivid and accessible".[2] The intention is to "make an emotional connection...through the power of art".[3]

Climate change art is created both by scientists and by non-scientist artists. The field overlaps with data art.

History[edit]

Omnipresent and relevant, yet abstract and statistical by nature, as well as invisible for the naked eye – climate change is a subject matter in need for perception and cognition support par excellence.[4]

The Guardian said that in response to a backlash in the 1990s against fossil fuels and nuclear plants, major energy companies stepped up their philanthropic giving, including to arts organizations, "to a point where many major national institutions were on the payroll of the fossil fuel giants," effectively silencing many environmentally-focused artists.[5]

In 2005 Bill McKibben wrote an article, What the Warming World Needs Now Is Art, Sweet Art that argued that "An intellectual understanding of the scientific facts was not enough – if we wanted to move forward and effect meaningful change, we needed to engage the other side of our brains. We needed to approach the problem with our imagination. And the people best suited to help us do that, he believed, were the artists."[6][7] According to climate change in the arts organization The Arctic Cycle, "It took some time for artists to heed the call."[6]

In 2009 The Guardian said the art world was "waking up to climate-change art."[8] Reporting on the 2020 We Make Tomorrow conference on climate change and the arts[9] in London, Artnet News commented that "instead of being seduced by sponsorships from deep-pocketed organizations invested in the fossil-fuel industry, institutions should look for new funding models."[10]

Effects and influence[edit]

According to Artnet News, climate change can be represented meaningfully in artwork because "Art has a way of getting ahead of the general discourse because it can convey information in novel ways."[10] In 2019 research by Laura Kim Sommer and Christian Andreas Klöckner, analyzing date collected at COP21, suggested climate change art could change opinions "as long as the message is hopeful, and gives people ideas for change."[11][12]

Journalist Betsy Mason wrote in Knowable that humans are visual creatures by nature, absorbing information in graphic form that would elude them in words, adding that bad visuals can impair public understanding of science.[13] Similarly, Bang Wong, creative director of MIT’s Broad Institute, stated that visualizations can reveal patterns, trends, and connections in data that are difficult or impossible to find any other way.[13]

In particular, climate change art has been used both to make scientific data more accessible to non-scientists and to express people’s fears.[14] Some research indicates that climate change art is not particularly effective in changing peoples views, though art with a "hopeful" message gives people ideas for change.[14] Projecting a positive message, climate scientist Ed Hawkins said that "infiltrating popular culture is a means of triggering a change of attitude that will lead to mass action".[15]

It is thought that people who engage with climate change art feel a sense of belonging, a feeling of connection to a cause, and a sense of empowerment.[14] Participatory climate change art, such as downloading warming stripes graphics for one's own locality or using a climate-related logo, provides an interactive element that gets people involved.[14]

Lucia Pietroiusti, the curator of “general ecology” at the Serpentine Galleries, suggested "a radical redefinition of what constitutes an artwork...to include environmental campaigns," saying that “By calling something an artwork, you are allowing an institution to support it.”[10]

In recent years, the expansion of climate change art beyond purely visual representations has allowed for an expansion of audiences able to appreciate and experience this art, specifically those who experience Visual impairment. These musical forms of climate change art include pieces performed using environmental media to represent climate change[16] and popular music whose lyrical aspects address climate change topics.[17] Climate change composer Daniel Crawford said that "climate scientists have a standard toolbox to communicate their data, and what we [climate change artists] are trying to do is to add to that another tool to that toolbox to people who might get more out of this than maps graphs and numbers".[18]

Climate change is one of the most prominent issues of this century. Artists are adamant to examine and present the global issues the planet faces and encourage others to do the same. The 2015 exhibition 'Art Works For Change' aims to demonstrate the options available to reduce emissions and other climate change impacts, such as reducing carbon footprints,[19] conserving energy,[20] and making sustainable transportation choices [21] among others.

Examples[edit]

Researchers analyzing artwork created between 2000 and 2016 found that climate change art production increased over the period.[11][22]

In 1998, Matthew Brutner composed Sikuigvik (The Time of Ice Melting), which began as an ode to the "beauty of the Arctic", but over time has evolved into a frightening representation of the loss of the Arctic environment.[16]

In 2007, artist Eve Mosher used a sports-field chalk marker to draw a blue "high-water" line around Manhattan and Brooklyn, showing the areas that would be underwater if climate change predictions are realized. Her HighWaterLine Project has since drawn high-water lines around Bristol, Philadelphia, and two coastal cities in Florida.[2]

In 2009, Matthew Brutner wrote Six Ecoacoustic Quintets No. 1: Water (Ice), which incorporates the use of microphones placed outside and within bowls of ice and water that are played to the composed music through precision of handling both the water and ice in various ways. The purpose of the piece is to create an emotional connection to the changes in climate conveyed through the development of the measures of the piece.[16]

In 2012, filmmaker Jeff Orlowski made Chasing Ice, documenting photographer James Balog's Extreme Ice Survey, which uses time-lapse photography to show the disappearance of glaciers over time.[2]

In 2013, undergraduate cellist Daniel Crawford created "Song of Our Warming Planet" in which musical notes, representing annual global average surface temperature readings since 1880 from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies at NASA, ascend to higher and higher pitches as the song progresses.[23]

In 2015, Daniel Crawford released another composition "Planetary Bands, Warming World" which is written for a string quartet to illustrate the "pace and place of global warming". Each instrument represents a different range of latitudes while increasing pitch indicates increasing temperatures, as the piece is played the temperature fluctuations in the four regions become clear.[24]

In 2015, University of Georgia marine scientist Joan Sheldon produced a scarf illustrating average yearly temperature from the 1600s to the present using one row per year.[25]

In 2015, David Ellingsen created a project called 'The Last Stand' which portrays the amount of deforestation going on by depicting photographs of trees with saws still in them from being chopped down. Ellingsen explains the importance of expression through climate change art and the seriousness of what the planet is now facing: "Although the pattern of progress and disaster has been repeated throughout human history, the urgency I now feel in our globalized world is one of scale..."[26]

In 2015, visual artist and environmental engineer Ph.D. Andrea Conte Aka Andreco started the 'Climate Art Project', a multidisciplinary project between art, science, and activism, inspired by the latest scientific and social researches on Climate Change. The Climate Art Project is composed of a series of interventions that took place in different cities worldwide: 'Climate 01 causes and consequences' in Paris, France; 'Climate 04 Sea Level Rise' in Venice, Italy;[27] 'Climate 05 Reclaim air and water' in Delhi, India.[28] The aim of the project is to use art to raise awareness on Global Warming and to disseminate the Nature-based solutions (NBS) and the best practices for Climate Change adaptation and mitigation.[29][30]

In 2015, an online exhibition called 'Footing The Bill: Art and Our Ecological Footprint', was created by Art Works For Change to show a range of powerful artist expressions (such as Sebastian Copeland and Fred Tomaselli) of climate change through their work. The exhibition is "an ongoing exhibition that addresses the urgent need to live sustainably within the Earth’s finite resources."[31]

In 2016, Ed Hawkins, a scientist at the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the University of Reading, created "climate spirals," a series of data art representations of global warming, and followed in 2018 with "warming stripes," a series of colored stripes representing chronologically ordered average annual temperature anomalies for a given location.[1][32]

Starting in 2017 The Tempestry Project encouraged fiber artists to create "tempestries", scarf-size banners showing temperature change over time. Each tempestry is knitted or crocheted, one row per day in a color representing that day's high temperature, for a year. Two or more tempestries for the same location, each representing different years, are displayed together to show daily-high temperature change over time.

In 2018 artist Xavier Cortada's project Underwater Home Owner's Association placed signs in front yards throughout Miami, Florida indicating each property's height above sea level to illustrate what the sea level rise would flood that property.[1][33]

In 2019, the Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, launched its inaugural Grantham Art Prize, commissioning original works by six artists who collaborated with climate researchers. Each piece aimed to provoke thought and conversation about the climate crisis.

In 2019, artist Jill Pelto created 'Overgrown' which depicts how the composition of Maine plant species will shift geographically as climate zones change.[34] She has also created multiple other works relating to climate change which include 'Take a Lesson from Nature' and 'Increasing Forest Fire Activity'.

Animated GIF: This Ed Hawkins climate spiral portrays changing temperatures as a spiral with expanding radius.[35]
Final frame of a climate spiral portrays recent warmer temperatures with brighter colors further from the center.[36]
Ed Hawkins' warming stripes graphics portray global warming as a series of color-coded stripes, purposely devoid of scientific notation to be quickly understandable by non-scientists.[37]
Extinction Rebellion's logo, symbolizing the Earth enclosing an hourglass.[38]
Emanuele Bevacqua's circular warming stripes graphic portrays global warming as color-coded rings that evolve from blues to reds with increasing temperatures.[39]
An alternative adaptation of warming stripes, rendered in concentric octagons to suggest a stop sign.
This stacked warming stripes graphic—technically a two-dimensional heat map—organizes global temperatures in two dimensions (month and year).[40]
File:Temperature Circle 1880-2020.webm
Video: Antti Lipponen portrays global warming by changing lengths of colored radial spikes arranged by country.
File:Distribution of temperature anomalies (1850-2018) - ring graphic - Antti Lipponen.webm
Video: Antti Lipponen portrays global warming as ring with colors that evolve over time.
Sequence of piano notes portraying respective annual global average temperature readings since 1850, similar to Daniel Crawford's cello composition, "Song of Our Warming Planet".[23] The sequence portrays global warming with notes of progressively higher pitches.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b c Brookshire, Bethany (5 April 2019). "Using art to show the threat of climate change: These seven artists are using climate change concepts in their work". Science News for Students. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Art Makes Environmental Change Real: Experiencing the science of climate change rather than learning about it". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  3. ^ "This Incredible Climate Change Art Will Leave You Floored". Climate Reality Project. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  4. ^ Windhager, Florian; Schreder, Günther; Mayr, Eva (2019). "On Inconvenient Images: Exploring the Design Space of Engaging Climate Change Visualizations for Public Audiences". Workshop on Visualisation in Environmental Sciences (EnvirVis). The Eurographics Association: 1–8. doi:10.2312/envirvis.20191098.
  5. ^ Krug, Oliver (20 February 2019). "From foil-wrapped glaciers to the Alpine storm cyclist: the artists fighting climate change: After too long a silence, art is finally tackling global warming". The Guardian. Archivedfrom the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  6. ^ Jump up to:a b "About". Artists & Climate Change. 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  7. ^ "What the warming world needs now is art, sweet art". Grist. 2005-04-22. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  8. ^ Bunting, Madeleine (2009-12-02). "The rise of climate-change art". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  9. ^ "We Make Tomorrow summit". Julie's Bicycle. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  10. ^ Jump up to:a b c Rea, Naomi (2020-03-03). "5 Meaningful Ways the Art World Can Help Fight Climate Change, According to Experts in the Field". artnet News. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b Amsen, Eva. "Climate Change Art Helps People Connect With A Challenging Topic". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  12. ^ Sommer, Laura Kim; Klöckner, Christian Andreas (2019-07-01). "Does activist art have the capacity to raise awareness in audiences?—A study on climate change art at the ArtCOP21 event in Paris". Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. doi:10.1037/aca0000247. ISSN 1931-390X.
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b Mason, Betsy (November 12, 2019). "Why scientists need to be better at data visualization". Knowable. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019.
  14. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Amsen, Eva (September 30, 2019). "Climate Change Art Helps People Connect With A Challenging Topic". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019.
  15. ^ Dussert, Margaux (23 September 2019). "Réchauffement climatique : ce graphique scientifique fait le buzz (Global warming: this scientific graph is making a buzz)". L'EDN (in French). Archived from the original on 22 October 2019.
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b c Burtner, Matthew (January 2017). "Climate Change Music: From Environmental Aesthetics to Ecoacoustics". South Atlantic Quarterly. 116(1): 145–161. doi:10.1215/00382876-3749392. ISSN 0038-2876.
  17. ^ Wodak, Josh (2017-09-14). "Shifting Baselines: Conveying Climate Change in Popular Music". Environmental Communication. 12 (1): 58–70. doi:10.1080/17524032.2017.1371051. ISSN 1752-4032.
  18. ^ "Chapter 14. A Warming with Multiple Consequences", The White Planet, Princeton University Press, pp. 218–226, 2013-12-31, ISBN 978-1-4008-4469-2, retrieved 2021-04-22
  19. ^ "Reduce Your Carbon Footprint – Art Works for Change". Retrieved 2021-02-17.
  20. ^ "Conserve Energy – Art Works for Change". Retrieved 2021-02-17.
  21. ^ "Make Sustainable Transportation Choices – Art Works for Change". Retrieved 2021-02-17.
  22. ^ Galafassi, Diego; Kagan, Sacha; Milkoreit, Manjana; Heras, María; Bilodeau, Chantal; Bourke, Sadhbh Juarez; Merrie, Andrew; Guerrero, Leonie; Pétursdóttir, Guðrún; Tàbara, Joan David (April 2018). "'Raising the temperature': the arts on a warming planet". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 31: 71–79. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2017.12.010.
  23. ^ Jump up to:a b Revkin, Andrew C. (July 2, 2013). "Global Warming Trend and Variations Charted by Cello". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 5, 2019.
  24. ^ "What climate change sounds like from the Amazon to the Arctic". Ensia. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  25. ^ Schwab, Katharine (11 January 2019). "Crafting takes a dark turn in the age of climate crisis". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  26. ^ "Last Stand Project Information". David Ellingsen. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  27. ^ "andreco catalyzes the climate change discussion through public artwork in venice". Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  28. ^ "Nuova Delhi, il murales di Andreco fatto con l'inchiostro di smog". SKY TG24. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  29. ^ "Climate Art Project". Climate Art Project. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  30. ^ Conte, Andrea; Passatore, Laura; Brunetti, Patrizia (November 2020). "Nature Based Solutions on the river environment: an example of cross-disciplinary sustainable management, with local community active participation and visual art as science transfer tool". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management (Water management and nature based solutions: Resource Sustainability through River Contracts). doi:10.1080/09640568.2020.1822306. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  31. ^ "Footing the Bill: Art and Our Ecological Footprint: Earth Day 2020". Artworks for Change. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  32. ^ "Ed Hawkins' warming stripes add colour to climate communication - National Centre for Atmospheric Science". National Centre for Atmospheric Science. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  33. ^ Lescaze, Zoe (22 August 2018). "12 Artists On: Climate Change: A dozen artistic responses to one of the greatest threats of our time". New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  34. ^ "Gallery". Jill Pelto. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  35. ^ Hawkins, Ed (2018). "Climate spirals / Global temperature change (1805-2017)". Climate Lab Book. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. (Direct link to image).
  36. ^ Hawkins, Ed (2018). "Climate spirals / Global temperature change (1805-2017)". Climate Lab Book. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. (Direct link to animated GIF).
  37. ^ Hawkins, Ed (4 December 2018). "2018 visualisation update / Warming stripes for 1850-2018 using the WMO annual global temperature dataset". Climate Lab Book. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. (Direct link to image)
  38. ^ Rose, Steve (16 April 2019). "How the symbol for extinction became this generation's peace sign". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019.
  39. ^ Bevacqua, Emanuele (University of Reading) (November 2018). "Climate Change Visualizations". Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. (University of Reading affiliate).
  40. ^ "Average World Temperature Since 1850". Reddit, "DataIsBeautiful" subreddit. 15 June 2016. Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. ● Data source: University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (CRU)(archive).

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